In a recent article published in the journal Minerals, researchers thoroughly explored the field of geometallurgy, particularly in the context of gold mineralization. At the forefront of modern mining practices, geometallurgy aims to mitigate the risks associated with extracting primary resources while enhancing efficiency and sustainability. The discipline is increasingly viewed as integral to optimizing mining operations, aligning them with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those on responsible consumption and climate action.
The authors argue that a systematic geometallurgical approach bolsters technical outcomes and accounts for broader social and environmental implications, establishing a foundation for sustainable mining.
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Background
In exploring the developmental landscape of metallurgy, the authors highlight its interdisciplinary nature, which encompasses a range of scientific fields, including geology, mineral processing, and environmental management.
This multi-faceted approach aims to produce comprehensive 3D block models that quantify the variability inherent in mineral deposits, allowing mining operations to adapt methodologies based on a variety of critical parameters.
The necessity to quantify variability is underscored, as neglecting this component can lead to significant inefficiencies in mining processes. The authors emphasize that developing predictive models requires correlating diverse data types, including geological, geochemical, and geotechnical attributes. These models serve as essential tools for forecasting processing outcomes and enabling informed decision-making at multiple operational levels.
Studies Highlighted in this Review
The paper discusses significant studies on geometallurgical sampling, underscoring the importance of representative sampling and stringent quality control measures.
The authors argue that inadequate sampling can lead to detrimental outcomes, including erroneous models, economic losses, and diminished stakeholder trust.
The roles of Qualified Persons (QPs) and Competent Persons (CPs) are stressed, as they hold responsibility for the integrity of sampling and testing activities.
These professionals are also crucial for adherence to international reporting codes like JORC and CIM/NI 43-101. While much literature addresses various aspects of mining and metallurgical testing, there is a discernible lack of focus on geometallurgical sampling programs.
This article aims to bridge that gap, offering foundational insights pertaining to gold mineralization and a broader array of mineralization types.
Case Study and Discussion
The authors present a case study focused on the Beatons Creek project in Western Australia, illustrating the real-world application of their geometallurgical sampling protocol.
The program’s primary objective was to ascertain an accurate head grade for each mineralized interval before the material was subjected to destructive recovery testwork.
The methodology involved several phases: core scanning, comminution testwork, and head grade determination through a non-destructive technique known as PhotonAssay™, followed by recovery testing.
Each core was meticulously examined, allowing for the collection of digital imagery, geochemistry, and bulk density information before any destructive testing.
This rigorous approach facilitated high-quality sample acquisition while ensuring robust quality assurance protocols were in place.
The success of the Beatons Creek testing program reinforces the significance of employing appropriate methodologies during the sampling process, aligning them with the requirements of a Pre-Feasibility Study.
In discussing the outcomes of the Beatons Creek case study, the authors reflect on how the established testwork protocols enhanced the understanding of mineral variability within the deposit. The systematic collection and analysis of representative samples resulted in accurate portrayals of the geological and mineralogical characteristics of the mineralization, revealing a diverse range of head grades and types of mineralization.
The findings indicated promising recovery rates, providing preliminary evidence for the project's economic viability.
The authors stress the ongoing necessity for evaluating sampling strategies by effectively communicating the associated risks of representativity to stakeholders. This transparency fosters trust among all parties involved in the mining process.
Conclusion
The authors conclude by synthesizing the crucial elements discussed throughout the article, highlighting the importance of effective geometallurgical sampling and testwork as essential components of predictive modeling in modern mining operations.
The insights gained from the Beatons Creek case study serve as a practical template for future geometallurgical programs.
The authors propose that early incorporation of geometallurgical principles can lead to improved economic and operational outcomes. By advocating for an integrated approach that combines diverse scientific disciplines, the framework proposed allows mining companies to make well-informed decisions that consider technical, environmental, and economic factors throughout the entire mining lifecycle.
Ultimately, the authors call for further research and dialogue concerning geometallurgical sampling methodologies to enhance practices across the industry, thereby promoting sustainable and economically viable mining operations.
Source:
Dominy S.C., Glass H.J. (2025). Geometallurgical Sampling and Testwork for Gold Mineralisation: General Considerations and a Case Study. Minerals 15(4):370. DOI: 10.3390/min15040370, https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/4/370